@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,400;9..144,500;9..144,600&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap');

:root {
  --ink: #15181c;
  --ink-soft: #4b5158;
  --paper: #fafaf8;
  --paper-raised: #ffffff;
  --line: #dedcd5;
  --scan-mid: #7c858d;
  --signal: #1f7a6c;
  --signal-soft: #e4efec;
  --signal-ink: #15423a;
  --warm-soft: #fbf3df;
  --warm-ink: #74560e;
  --font-display: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  --font-body: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
  --font-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, monospace;
  --max-w: 1040px;
  --radius: 5px;
  --shadow: 0 12px 34px rgba(21, 24, 28, 0.06);

  /* mask-image glyphs used for lightweight decorative icons on repeated link
     classes — kept as CSS so no markup has to change to gain the icon. */
  --icon-doc: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M6 3h8l4 4v14a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H6a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M14 3v4h4'/%3E%3Cpath d='M8 13h8M8 17h5'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  --icon-cert: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Ccircle cx='12' cy='8' r='5'/%3E%3Cpath d='M9 12.3L6.5 21l5.5-3.2L17.5 21 15 12.3'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  --icon-arrow: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='2.6' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M7 17L17 7'/%3E%3Cpath d='M8 7h9v9'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
img { max-width: 100%; }
a { color: var(--signal-ink); text-decoration-color: var(--signal); text-underline-offset: 3px; }
a:hover { text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
a:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--signal); outline-offset: 3px; }
::selection { background: var(--signal-soft); color: var(--signal-ink); }
section[id] { scroll-margin-top: 88px; }

h1, h2, h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.45em;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.16;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.3rem, 5vw, 3.65rem); font-weight: 600; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3vw, 2.05rem); }
h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
p { margin: 0 0 1em; color: var(--ink-soft); }
p.lede { color: var(--ink); font-size: 1.08rem; max-width: 760px; }
strong { color: var(--ink); }

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -100px;
  left: 16px;
  z-index: 100;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #fff;
}
.skip-link:focus { top: 12px; }

.wrap { max-width: var(--max-w); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 26px; }
.mono { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.79rem; letter-spacing: 0.01em; }
.muted { color: var(--scan-mid); }

/* ---------- icon system ----------
   All icons are drawn from assets/icons.svg (a single sprite of custom line
   glyphs in the site's own instrument/scan visual language) and referenced
   with <svg class="icon"><use href="assets/icons.svg#icon-x"></use></svg>. */
.icon {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  flex: none;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.6;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  vertical-align: -3px;
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 30;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgba(250, 250, 248, 0.94);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}
.nav-row {
  max-width: var(--max-w);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 15px 26px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
}
.brand {
  flex: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.brand-mark {
  width: 22px;
  height: 22px;
  flex: none;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  color: var(--signal-ink);
  transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}
.brand:hover .brand-mark { transform: rotate(90deg); }
nav.primary { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 18px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
nav.primary a {
  padding: 5px 1px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease;
}
nav.primary a:hover,
nav.primary a[aria-current='page'] { color: var(--ink); border-bottom-color: var(--signal); }

.hero { position: relative; overflow: hidden; padding: 72px 0 18px; }
.hero.compact { padding-top: 52px; }
.hero > * { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.hero-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.35fr 0.8fr; gap: 46px; align-items: center; }
.eyebrow {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 17px;
  padding: 5px 11px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--signal-soft);
  color: var(--signal-ink);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
}
.role { margin-bottom: 18px; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 1.14rem; }
.scan-grid {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  opacity: 0.48;
  background-image: radial-gradient(var(--line) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 22px 22px;
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #000, transparent 85%);
  mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #000, transparent 85%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.btn-row { display: flex; gap: 11px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 22px; }
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 7px;
  padding: 10px 17px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 0.87rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform 0.16s ease, border-color 0.16s ease, background 0.16s ease;
}
.btn:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); }
.btn .icon { width: 14px; height: 14px; vertical-align: -2px; }
.btn-primary { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }
.btn-primary:hover { background: #000; }
.btn-ghost { border-color: var(--line); background: transparent; color: var(--ink); }
.btn-ghost:hover { border-color: var(--ink); }

.viewer-frame {
  position: relative;
  padding: 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--paper-raised);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.viewer-frame .frame-inner { position: relative; overflow: hidden; aspect-ratio: 1; border-radius: 3px; background: var(--ink); }
.viewer-frame img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; filter: grayscale(7%) contrast(1.03); }
.viewer-frame.hero-photo img { object-position: center 48%; }
/* Teaching-page portrait: preserve the photograph's intrinsic aspect ratio. */
.viewer-frame.teaching-photo {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 320px;
  align-self: start;
}
.viewer-frame.teaching-photo .frame-inner {
  aspect-ratio: auto;
  height: auto;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #202327;
}
.viewer-frame.teaching-photo img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: none;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
}
.viewer-frame .corner { position: absolute; width: 16px; height: 16px; border: 2px solid var(--signal); pointer-events: none; }
.viewer-frame .corner.tl { top: 8px; left: 8px; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; }
.viewer-frame .corner.tr { top: 8px; right: 8px; border-left: 0; border-bottom: 0; }
.viewer-frame .corner.bl { bottom: 8px; left: 8px; border-right: 0; border-top: 0; }
.viewer-frame .corner.br { right: 8px; bottom: 8px; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; }
.viewer-caption { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; margin-top: 9px; padding: 0 2px; color: var(--scan-mid); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.67rem; }
.viewer-caption .fig { color: var(--signal-ink); }

.ramp {
  position: relative;
  height: 10px;
  margin: 50px 0;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #090a0b 0%, #4b5158 32%, #9098a0 55%, #dedcd5 78%, #fafaf8 100%);
}
.ramp::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: -3px 0;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(
    to right,
    rgba(21, 24, 28, 0.32) 0,
    rgba(21, 24, 28, 0.32) 1px,
    transparent 1px,
    transparent 8.333%
  );
  opacity: 0.5;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.ramp::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -5px;
  bottom: -5px;
  left: var(--window-left, 22%);
  width: var(--window-width, 20%);
  border: 2px solid var(--signal);
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: rgba(31, 122, 108, 0.13);
}
.r-hero { --window-left: 22%; --window-width: 20%; }
.r-a { --window-left: 9%; --window-width: 16%; }
.r-b { --window-left: 47%; --window-width: 18%; }
.r-c { --window-left: 69%; --window-width: 14%; }
.ramp-label { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; margin-top: -42px; margin-bottom: 42px; color: var(--scan-mid); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.69rem; }

section { padding: 14px 0 54px; }
.section-head { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 23px; }
.title-group { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 11px; }
.title-group h2 { margin: 0; }
.section-tag { color: var(--scan-mid); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.72rem; }
.section-icon {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  flex: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--paper-raised);
  color: var(--signal-ink);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.grid-2 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 20px; }
.grid-3 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 18px; }
.grid-4 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 16px; }
.card {
  padding: 21px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--paper-raised);
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease;
}
.card:hover { border-color: var(--scan-mid); transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(21, 24, 28, 0.05); }
.card h3 { margin-bottom: 8px; }
.card p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.card-link, .evidence-link, .evidence-links a { position: relative; display: inline-block; padding-left: 15px; }
.card-link { margin-top: 12px; font-size: 0.86rem; }
.evidence-link { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 0.82rem; }
.evidence-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 14px; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 0.82rem; }
.compact-links { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 14px; }
.card-link::before, .evidence-link::before, .evidence-links a::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.22em;
  width: 11px;
  height: 11px;
  background-color: currentColor;
  opacity: 0.62;
  -webkit-mask-image: var(--icon-doc);
  mask-image: var(--icon-doc);
  -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
  mask-repeat: no-repeat;
  -webkit-mask-size: contain;
  mask-size: contain;
}
.evidence-link::before, .evidence-links a::before {
  -webkit-mask-image: var(--icon-cert);
  mask-image: var(--icon-cert);
}
.interest-card .k { display: block; margin-bottom: 9px; color: var(--signal-ink); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.7rem; }
.icon-circle {
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--signal-soft);
  color: var(--signal-ink);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  transition: background 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}
.icon-circle .icon { width: 20px; height: 20px; stroke-width: 1.5; vertical-align: 0; }
.interest-card:hover .icon-circle,
.card:hover .icon-circle { background: var(--signal); color: #fff; transform: scale(1.06); }

/* a.mono citation links (used in the publications table) get a small
   reference-document glyph so each row reads like an indexed record. */
a.mono[href] { position: relative; display: inline-block; padding-left: 15px; }
a.mono[href]::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.16em;
  width: 11px;
  height: 11px;
  background-color: currentColor;
  opacity: 0.62;
  -webkit-mask-image: var(--icon-doc);
  mask-image: var(--icon-doc);
  -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
  mask-repeat: no-repeat;
  -webkit-mask-size: contain;
  mask-size: contain;
}

/* Quiet outbound-link marker for plain prose and the contact list, where a
   link has no arrow character already baked into its text. */
.contact-list li a[target='_blank']::after,
main p a[target='_blank']::after,
dd a[target='_blank']::after {
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  margin-left: 3px;
  background-color: currentColor;
  opacity: 0.5;
  -webkit-mask-image: var(--icon-arrow);
  mask-image: var(--icon-arrow);
  -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
  mask-repeat: no-repeat;
  -webkit-mask-size: contain;
  mask-size: contain;
  vertical-align: 1px;
}

.snapshot { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 24px; padding: 27px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.snapshot > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; }
.snapshot-icon { width: 18px; height: 18px; color: var(--signal-ink); stroke-width: 1.5; }
.snapshot .num { display: block; color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 1.5rem; }
.snapshot .lab { color: var(--scan-mid); font-size: 0.8rem; }

.work-card {
  margin-bottom: 17px;
  padding: 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--paper-raised);
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease;
}
.work-card.featured { box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.work-card:hover { border-color: var(--scan-mid); }
.kicker { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 11px; color: var(--scan-mid); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.69rem; letter-spacing: 0.04em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.status { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 3px 9px; border-radius: 999px; font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.68rem; }
.status::before { content: ''; width: 6px; height: 6px; flex: none; border-radius: 50%; }
.status.published { background: var(--signal-soft); color: var(--signal-ink); }
.status.published::before { background: var(--signal); }
.status.review { background: var(--warm-soft); color: var(--warm-ink); }
.status.review::before { background: var(--warm-ink); }
.status.progress { background: #ececec; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.status.progress::before { background: var(--scan-mid); }
.meta { margin-bottom: 13px; color: var(--scan-mid); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.73rem; }
.work-card dl { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 126px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 7px 15px; margin: 16px 0; font-size: 0.91rem; }
.work-card dt { padding-top: 2px; color: var(--scan-mid); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.69rem; letter-spacing: 0.03em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.work-card dd { margin: 0; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.links { display: flex; gap: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 15px; font-size: 0.85rem; }
.result-strip { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 12px; margin: 18px 0; }
.result-strip > div { padding: 13px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); background: var(--paper); }
.result-strip strong { display: block; font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 1.32rem; }
.result-strip span { color: var(--scan-mid); font-size: 0.76rem; }

.split-media { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 260px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 28px; align-items: start; }
.timeline { display: grid; gap: 15px; }
.timeline-item { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 118px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 18px; padding-bottom: 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.timeline-item:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.timeline-date { color: var(--scan-mid); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.74rem; }

.table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; }
table.data { width: 100%; min-width: 720px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.89rem; }
table.data th { padding: 0 14px 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--scan-mid); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.68rem; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 0.03em; text-align: left; text-transform: uppercase; }
table.data td { padding: 16px 14px 16px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); vertical-align: top; }
table.data tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; }
table.data tr { transition: background 0.15s ease; }
table.data tbody tr:hover { background: rgba(31, 122, 108, 0.035); }

.chip-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--paper-raised);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  transition: border-color 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
}
.chip:hover { border-color: var(--signal); color: var(--ink); }
.chip .icon { width: 12px; height: 12px; color: var(--signal-ink); vertical-align: -2px; }

.cta-band { padding: 43px; border-radius: var(--radius); background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); text-align: center; }
.cta-band h2 { color: var(--paper); }
.cta-band p { max-width: 620px; margin: 0 auto 21px; color: #c9cbce; }
.cta-band .btn-primary { border-color: var(--paper); background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); }

.contact-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.contact-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 120px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 15px; padding: 13px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.contact-list li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.contact-list .label { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; color: var(--scan-mid); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.72rem; }
.contact-list .label .icon { width: 14px; height: 14px; color: var(--signal-ink); vertical-align: -2px; }

details.collapse summary { cursor: pointer; padding: 7px 0; color: var(--ink-soft); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.78rem; }
details.collapse[open] summary { color: var(--ink); }

.site-footer { margin-top: 58px; padding: 31px 0 56px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--scan-mid); font-size: 0.82rem; }
.site-footer .wrap { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 14px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.icon-row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.icon-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; color: var(--ink-soft); text-decoration: none; }
.icon-link .icon { color: var(--scan-mid); transition: color 0.15s ease; }
.icon-link:hover { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: underline; }
.icon-link:hover .icon { color: var(--signal-ink); }

@keyframes riseIn { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(8px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); } }
.hero h1, .hero .role { animation: riseIn 0.5s ease both; }
.hero .role { animation-delay: 0.07s; }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .nav-row { align-items: flex-start; }
  nav.primary { gap: 13px; }
  .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 0.8fr; gap: 30px; }
  .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .nav-row { display: block; }
  .brand { display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 9px; }
  nav.primary { justify-content: flex-start; gap: 10px 15px; }
  nav.primary a { font-size: 0.8rem; }
  .hero { padding-top: 50px; }
  .hero-grid, .split-media { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .viewer-frame.hero-photo { max-width: 420px; }
  .viewer-frame.teaching-photo { max-width: 360px; margin-inline: auto; }
  .grid-2, .grid-3 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .snapshot { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .work-card dl { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2px; }
  .work-card dd { margin-bottom: 9px; }
  .result-strip { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .timeline-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .wrap, .nav-row { padding-left: 18px; padding-right: 18px; }
  .grid-4, .snapshot { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .cta-band { padding: 32px 20px; }
  .contact-list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 3px; }
  .ramp-label { font-size: 0.6rem; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: 0.001ms !important; transition-duration: 0.001ms !important; }
}